SS-31 50MG

Mechanism of Action

SS-31 selectively targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae architecture and supporting cytochrome c binding. This restores electron transport chain efficiency and reduces mitochondrial ROS production. Beyond stabilizing the cristae and cardiolipin, SS-31 exerts a profound influence on mitochondrial bioenergetics through the following mechanisms: • Respiratory Supercomplex Stabilization: SS-31 optimizes the organization of the electron transport chain (ETC) into respirasomes. By tightening the interaction between Complexes I, III, and IV, it minimizes the distance electrons must travel, effectively reducing "electron leakage" and preventing the premature formation of superoxide radicals. • Inhibition of Cytochrome c Peroxidase Activity: Under oxidative stress, cardiolipin can cause Cytochrome c to switch from an electron carrier to a peroxidase. SS-31 protects the Met80-heme coordination of Cytochrome c, preventing it from peroxidizing mitochondrial lipids and maintaining its primary role in the ETC. • mPTP Regulatory Control: The peptide has been shown to inhibit the opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP). By preventing pore formation, SS-31 stops the sudden loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the subsequent release of pro-apoptotic factors like Smac/DIABLO into the cytosol. • ATP Kinetic Recovery: SS-31 facilitates the Restoration of Phosphorylation Potential by enhancing the activity of ATP synthase (Complex V). This is particularly evident in ischemic models, where it accelerates the recovery of cellular energy charge following metabolic insult.